{"id":6729,"date":"2025-02-07T14:36:02","date_gmt":"2025-02-07T14:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/?p=6729"},"modified":"2025-02-17T14:56:28","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T14:56:28","slug":"kas-ir-eksistenciala-terapija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/kas-ir-eksistenciala-terapija\/","title":{"rendered":"Kas ir eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija ir filozofiska pieeja konsult\u0113\u0161anai un psihoterapijai, kas fokus\u0113jas uz cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bves pieredzi, ar to saist\u012btajiem izaicin\u0101jumiem un iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m c\u012b\u0146\u0101m. T\u0101s pamat\u0101 ir ideja, ka katrs indiv\u012bds ir atbild\u012bgs par savas dz\u012bves j\u0113gas un m\u0113r\u0137a veido\u0161anu. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 psihoterapija ir daudzveid\u012bga un dinamiska metode \u2013 da\u017ei speci\u0101listi to uztver k\u0101 attieksmi vai visp\u0101r\u0113ju terapeitisku orient\u0101ciju, kam\u0113r citi to uzskata par atsevi\u0161\u0137u un specifisku pieeju psihoterapij\u0101.<\/p>\n


\nEksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas b\u016bt\u012bba un pieeja<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija galvenok\u0101rt ir saist\u012bta ar cilv\u0113kiem, kuri piedz\u012bvo cie\u0161anas vai ir non\u0101ku\u0161i kr\u012bzes situ\u0101cij\u0101. T\u0101s m\u0113r\u0137is ir ne tikai mazin\u0101t cie\u0161anas, bet ar\u012b pal\u012bdz\u0113t cilv\u0113kam p\u0101rvar\u0113t neizb\u0113gamos dz\u012bves izaicin\u0101jumus j\u0113gpiln\u0101k\u0101, autentisk\u0101k\u0101 un konstrukt\u012bv\u0101k\u0101 veid\u0101. Da\u017ei eksistenci\u0101lie terapeiti izmanto uz konkr\u0113tiem simptomiem vai probl\u0113m\u0101m orient\u0113tu pieeju, savuk\u0101rt citi iesaist\u0101s pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 eksistences izp\u0113t\u0113 bez konkr\u0113tiem terapeitiskiem m\u0113r\u0137iem.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 pieeja terapij\u0101i ietver fundament\u0101lu jaut\u0101jumu izp\u0113ti par cilv\u0113ka es\u012bbas b\u016bt\u012bbu. T\u0101 prasa akt\u012bvu l\u012bdzdal\u012bbu gan no terapeita, gan klienta, lai kop\u012bgi risin\u0101tu eksistenci\u0101los jaut\u0101jumus, izprastu savu vietu pasaul\u0113 un izv\u0113rt\u0113tu savu r\u012bc\u012bbu sekas, balstoties uz paties\u012bbu un realit\u0101ti. Pie\u0146emot \u0161o perspekt\u012bvu ar atv\u0113rt\u012bbu un apzin\u0101t\u012bbu, t\u0101 var k\u013c\u016bt ne tikai par terapeitisku pieeju, bet ar\u012b par pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgu dz\u012bvesveidu.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 psihoterapij\u0101<\/a> \u012bpa\u0161a uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta klienta dz\u012bves un pieredzes izp\u0113tei, kas balst\u012bta uz atbalstu un sadarb\u012bbu. B\u016btisku lomu sp\u0113l\u0113 terapeitisk\u0101s attiec\u012bbas, k\u0101 ar\u012b klienta attiec\u012bbu ar apk\u0101rt\u0113jo vidi p\u0101rskat\u012b\u0161ana \u0101rpus terapijas sesij\u0101m. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija uzsver cilv\u0113ka k\u0101 veseluma noz\u012bmi, kur visa pieredze tiek uztverta k\u0101 savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bta ar eksistences pamatb\u016bt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012bs metodes m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t cilv\u0113kam izprast, k\u0101 vi\u0146i veido savu identit\u0101ti, pie\u0146em l\u0113mumus un saglab\u0101 savu unik\u0101lo eksistences veidu pasaul\u0113. T\u0101 atz\u012bst cilv\u0113ka pieredzes main\u012bgo un nereti pretrun\u012bgo raksturu, mudinot uz dzi\u013cu zin\u0101tk\u0101ri par cilv\u0113cisk\u0101s b\u016bt\u012bbas b\u016bt\u012bbu. Galu gal\u0101 eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija piev\u0113r\u0161as b\u016btiskiem cilv\u0113ka eksistences jaut\u0101jumiem, tostarp pa\u0161identit\u0101tei, m\u0113r\u0137im, br\u012bvai gribai, mirst\u012bbai un dz\u012bves j\u0113gai, veicinot dzi\u013c\u0101ku izpratni par to, k\u0101 pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgi dz\u012bvot savu dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas termina izcelsme un filozofisk\u0101s saknes<\/h2>\n

Cilv\u0113ka eksistences izp\u0113te ir bijusi uzman\u012bbas centr\u0101 jau kop\u0161 ant\u012bkajiem laikiem, \u012bpa\u0161i sengrie\u0137u filozofij\u0101. Grie\u0137u mitolo\u0123ij\u0101, l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 B\u012bbeles si\u017eetos, atrodami st\u0101sti, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 vadl\u012bnijas eksistenci\u0101lo jaut\u0101jumu risin\u0101\u0161anai. Tom\u0113r sengrie\u0137u filozofi, kas praktiz\u0113ja “gudr\u012bbas m\u012blest\u012bbu”, piev\u0113rs\u0101s sistem\u0101tisk\u0101kai un praktisk\u0101kai pieejai, lai izprastu cilv\u0113cisko pieredzi un t\u0101s b\u016bt\u012bbu. Vi\u0146u m\u0113r\u0137is bija ieg\u016bt dzi\u013c\u0101ku gudr\u012bbu par cilv\u0113ka eksistenci, kas p\u0101rsniedz mitolo\u0123ijas pied\u0101v\u0101tos skaidrojumus.<\/p>\n

\"\u05d4\u05ea\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05d4
No kreis\u0101s: Martins Heidegers, Moriss Merlo-Ponti, Simone de Bovu\u0101ra, Karls Jaspers un \u017dans Pols Sartrs: Fritz Eschen\/Ullstein Bild via Getty Images; Agence France-Presse \u2013 Getty Images; Georges Bendrihem\/Agence France-Presse Getty Images; Wyrth GmbH\/Swiridoff\/Ullstein Bild via Getty Images; Jazz Editions\/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s psihoterapijas saknes ir mekl\u0113jamas 19. gadsimta filozofij\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161i tajos filozofos, kuri koncentr\u0113j\u0101s uz cilv\u0113ka es\u012bbas izp\u0113ti. S\u0113rens Kjerkegors un Fr\u012bdrihs N\u012b\u010de ir divas noz\u012bm\u012bgas fig\u016bras, kas saist\u012btas ar eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s filozofijas un terapijas pirms\u0101kumiem. Lai gan vi\u0146u uzskati at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s daudzos aspektos, vi\u0146iem bija kop\u012bga ap\u0146em\u0161an\u0101s izprast realit\u0101tes b\u016bt\u012bbu un individu\u0101lo pieredzi.<\/p>\n

Kjerkegors uzskat\u012bja, ka iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101 gudr\u012bba un individu\u0101la pa\u0161izpratne ir atsl\u0113ga cilv\u0113ka neapmierin\u0101t\u012bbas un cie\u0161anu p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anai.
\nN\u012b\u010de ieviesa br\u012bvas gribas un person\u012bg\u0101s atbild\u012bbas ideju, uzsverot nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0101rvar\u0113t sabiedr\u012bbas uzspiestos ierobe\u017eojumus un veidot savu unik\u0101lo eksistences ce\u013cu.<\/p>\n

gadsimt\u0101 \u0161\u012bs idejas tika t\u0101l\u0101k att\u012bst\u012btas, \u012bpa\u0161i t\u0101du filozofu darbos k\u0101 \u017dans Pols Sartrs un Martins Heidegers, kuri s\u0101ka p\u0113t\u012bt interpret\u0101cijas un izp\u0113tes lomu dziedin\u0101\u0161anas proces\u0101.<\/p>\n

Heidegers un Sartrs bija vienispr\u0101tis, ka esam\u012bba ir pirms b\u016bt\u012bbas. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka cilv\u0113ka eksistence \u2013 m\u016bsu vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101 kl\u0101tb\u016btne pasaul\u0113 \u2013 ir b\u016btisk\u0101ka par jebkuru iepriek\u0161 noteiktu identit\u0101ti vai b\u016bt\u012bbu. M\u016bsu b\u016bt\u012bba tiek veidota caur izv\u0113l\u0113m, mijiedarb\u012bbu ar apk\u0101rt\u0113jo pasauli un m\u016bsu pa\u0161u interpret\u0101ciju par dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n

Turpm\u0101kaj\u0101s desmitgad\u0113s citi iev\u0113rojami dom\u0101t\u0101ji, piem\u0113ram, Mart\u012bns B\u016bbers, Karls Jasperss, Simona de Bovu\u0101ra, Moriss Merlo-Pont\u012b, un citi, piev\u0113rs\u0101s indiv\u012bda subjekt\u012bv\u0101s pieredzes noz\u012bmei psiholo\u0123isk\u0101s labkl\u0101j\u012bbas sasnieg\u0161an\u0101. Vi\u0146i uzsv\u0113ra attiec\u012bbu, autentiskuma un cilv\u0113ka es\u012bbas izp\u0113tes noz\u012bmi terapeitiskaj\u0101 proces\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012bs filozofisk\u0101s idejas kalpoja par pamatu eksistenci\u0101lajai terapijai, veidojot unik\u0101lu pieeju, kas pal\u012bdz indiv\u012bdiem atrast personisko j\u0113gu, pie\u0146emt br\u012bv\u012bbu un atbild\u012bbu par savu dz\u012bvi un p\u0101rvar\u0113t eksistenci\u0101los izaicin\u0101jumus.<\/p>\n

M\u0113s k\u0101 cilv\u0113ki past\u0101v\u012bgi esam transform\u0101cijas un evol\u016bcijas st\u0101vokl\u012b. B\u016btisk\u0101k\u0101 cilv\u0113ka \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba ir t\u0101 dinamisk\u0101, pa\u0161refleks\u012bv\u0101 un past\u0101v\u012bgi main\u012bg\u0101 daba. M\u016bsu eksistence un sp\u0113ja p\u0101rveidoties, apzin\u0101ties un m\u0101c\u012bties ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi svar\u012bga. B\u016bt dz\u012bviem ir m\u016bsu b\u016bt\u012bbas pamats, un tas dod mums iesp\u0113ju piel\u0101goties un augt.<\/span>Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija ir konsult\u0113\u0161anas vai psihoterapijas veids, kas balst\u0101s uz fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101s un eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s filozofijas idej\u0101m, v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101m un principiem. \u0160o filozofiju uzman\u012bbas centr\u0101 ir t\u0101das \u201cgalven\u0101s probl\u0113mas\u201d k\u0101 person\u012bg\u0101 br\u012bv\u012bba, j\u0113gas mekl\u0113jumi un jaut\u0101jumi, kas saist\u012bti ar \u013caunumu, izol\u0113t\u012bbu, cie\u0161an\u0101m, vainas apzi\u0146u, trauksmi, bezcer\u012bbu un n\u0101vi. Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 fenomenolo\u0123iju izmanto, lai izp\u0113t\u012btu \u0161\u012bs galven\u0101s probl\u0113mas un izprastu indiv\u012bda pieredzi, ko vi\u0146\u0161 g\u016bst, atrodoties pasaul\u0113. Process s\u0101kas ar savu priek\u0161statu aptur\u0113\u0161anu<\/a>, lai piln\u012bb\u0101 izprastu citas personas subjekt\u012bvo realit\u0101ti.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101lo terapiju bie\u017ei mekl\u0113 cilv\u0113ki, kas p\u0101rdz\u012bvo eksistenci\u0101lu kr\u012bzi \u2013 \u012bpa\u0161us apst\u0101k\u013cus, kuros ir apdraud\u0113ta cilv\u0113ka izdz\u012bvo\u0161anas, dro\u0161\u012bbas, identit\u0101tes vai noz\u012bm\u012bguma pamatj\u0113ga. \u0160ie eksistenci\u0101lie draudi var b\u016bt fiziski, soci\u0101li, emocion\u0101li vai gar\u012bgi. Tie var b\u016bt v\u0113rsti pret sevi, citiem, pasauli kopum\u0101 vai idej\u0101m un priek\u0161statiem, ar kuriem m\u0113s dz\u012bvojam. Tie liek mums ap\u0161aub\u012bt un ap\u0161aub\u012bt m\u016bsu dzi\u013ci iesak\u0146oju\u0161os uzskatus vai v\u0113rt\u012bbas. T\u0101 k\u0101 cilv\u0113ka eksistence nep\u0101rtraukti main\u0101s, mums ir dabiska tendence piedz\u012bvot \u0161\u0101dus eksistenci\u0101lus izaicin\u0101jumus vai kr\u012bzes visa m\u016b\u017ea garum\u0101. Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 \u0161ie dezorient\u0113jo\u0161ie un trauksmi provoc\u0113jo\u0161ie kr\u012bzes periodi tiek uztverti gan k\u0101 b\u012bstama p\u0101reja, gan k\u0101 iesp\u0113ja transform\u0101cijai un izaugsmei.<\/p>\n

Eksistences \u010detras dimensijas (sf\u0113ras)<\/h2>\n

Viens no svar\u012bg\u0101kajiem orientieriem un praktiskajiem r\u012bkiem eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 ir Ludviga Binsvangera skat\u012bjums uz galvenaj\u0101m eksistences sf\u0113r\u0101m, kuru v\u0113l\u0101k papla\u0161in\u0101ja Emmy van Deurzen-Smith. \u0160\u012bs dimensijas var iedom\u0101ties k\u0101 savstarp\u0113ji krustojo\u0161os ap\u013cus, kur katra sf\u0113ra ietekm\u0113 m\u016bsu pasaules uztveri un attiec\u012bbas ar citiem.<\/p>\n

\"Eksistences
Eksistences \u010detras dimensijas (sf\u0113ras)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Umwelt (Fizisk\u0101 sf\u0113ra)<\/h4>\n

\u0160\u012b dimensija attiecas uz dabisko vidi, kur\u0101 dz\u012bvojam \u2013 m\u016bsu \u0137ermeni, apk\u0101rtni un dabas ietekmi. K\u0101dam cilv\u0113kam m\u0113rena v\u0113ja p\u016bsma un ikdienas ritms var rad\u012bt harmonijas saj\u016btu, kam\u0113r cits var past\u0101v\u012bgi raiz\u0113ties par vesel\u012bbu, dro\u0161\u012bbu vai apk\u0101rt\u0113jo vidi. Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 \u0161\u012bs reakcijas tiek p\u0113t\u012btas, jo t\u0101s atkl\u0101j, k\u0101 interpret\u0113jam un rea\u0123\u0113jam uz fizisk\u0101s pasaules sniegtajiem izaicin\u0101jumiem un iesp\u0113j\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Mitwelt (Soci\u0101l\u0101 sf\u0113ra)<\/h4>\n

\u0160\u012b dimensija aptver attiec\u012bbas, kult\u016bru, sabiedr\u012bbu un mijiedarb\u012bbu ar draugiem, \u0123imeni, kol\u0113\u0123iem un pat sve\u0161iniekiem. Da\u017eiem \u0161\u012b pasaule var \u0161\u0137ist pieder\u012bbas un pie\u0146em\u0161anas pilna, kam\u0113r citi piedz\u012bvo atsve\u0161in\u0101t\u012bbu, neuztic\u0113\u0161anos vai vientul\u012bbu. Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 m\u0113s apl\u016bkojam \u0161os dinamiskos procesus, lai lab\u0101k izprastu dzi\u013c\u0101kus uzskatus par uztic\u012bbu, cie\u0146u, tuv\u012bbu un emocion\u0101lo distanci.<\/p>\n

Eigenwelt (Person\u012bg\u0101 sf\u0113ra)<\/h4>\n

\u0160\u012b dimensija skar to, k\u0101 m\u0113s uztveram pa\u0161i sevi \u2013 m\u016bsu pa\u0161cie\u0146u, emocion\u0101lo dro\u0161\u012bbu un identit\u0101tes izj\u016btu. T\u0101 ietver ar\u012b tuv\u0101s attiec\u012bbas ar cilv\u0113kiem, kuri mums ir vissvar\u012bg\u0101kie. \u0160\u012bs int\u012bm\u0101s saiknes var sniegt m\u0113r\u0137a un piepild\u012bjuma saj\u016btu, bet var ar\u012b rad\u012bt iek\u0161\u0113ju spriedzi, \u0161aubas vai nemieru. Izpratne par to, k\u0101 m\u0113s redzam pa\u0161i sevi un k\u0101 tas ietekm\u0113 m\u016bsu attiec\u012bbas, ir viens no b\u016btisk\u0101kajiem so\u013ciem eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u00dcberwelt (Gar\u012bg\u0101 vai ideolo\u0123isk\u0101 sf\u0113ra)<\/h4>\n

\u0160o dimensiju ieviesa Emmy van Deurzen, lai iek\u013cautu v\u0113rt\u012bbas, ide\u0101lus un visp\u0101r\u0113jos uzskatus par dz\u012bvi, n\u0101vi, mor\u0101li un eksistences noz\u012bmi. T\u0101 var, bet ne oblig\u0101ti ietvert reli\u0123isku tic\u012bbu. Galvenais \u0161\u012bs dimensijas aspekts ir tas, ka m\u016bsu p\u0101rliec\u012bbas un dz\u012bves filozofija ietekm\u0113 m\u016bsu sp\u0113ju p\u0101rvar\u0113t cie\u0161anas, izjust gandar\u012bjumu un tikt gal\u0101 ar dz\u012bves izaicin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n

\u010cetru dimensiju noz\u012bme terapij\u0101<\/h3>\n

P\u0113tot \u0161\u012bs \u010detras eksistences dimensijas, terapeits un klients var izgaismot neapzin\u0101tas dom\u0101\u0161anas sh\u0113mas, cer\u012bbas un ba\u017eas, kas ietekm\u0113 dz\u012bves kvalit\u0101ti. \u0160\u012b izp\u0113te dod iesp\u0113ju p\u0101rskat\u012bt iepriek\u0161\u0113jos pie\u0146\u0113mumus un noskaidrot, k\u0101 tie var b\u016bt saist\u012bti ar pa\u0161reiz\u0113jiem dz\u012bves izaicin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101 \u0161\u012bs dimensijas tiek izmantotas k\u0101 r\u012bks dzi\u013c\u0101kai pa\u0161izpratnei, izv\u0113\u013cu p\u0101rskat\u012b\u0161anai un ce\u013ca atra\u0161anai uz autentisk\u0101ku un j\u0113gpiln\u0101ku dz\u012bvi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas process<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas laik\u0101 psihoterapeits un klients iesaist\u0101s kop\u012bg\u0101 un izzino\u0161\u0101 dialog\u0101, kur terapeits sniedz profesion\u0101lu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu klientam, kur\u0161 mekl\u0113 atbalstu. B\u016btisks terapijas aspekts ir veidot g\u0101d\u012bgas, god\u012bgas, atbalsto\u0161as un emp\u0101tiskas, tom\u0113r izaicino\u0161as attiec\u012bbas starp terapeitu un klientu, jo \u0161\u012bm attiec\u012bb\u0101m ir iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161a noz\u012bme terapeitiskaj\u0101 proces\u0101.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija p\u0113ta, k\u0101 cilv\u0113ka pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101s saj\u016btas, domas un mijiedarb\u012bba izgaismo vi\u0146a pag\u0101tnes pieredzi, ikdienas realit\u0101ti un n\u0101kotnes v\u0113lmes. \u0160\u012b pieeja apvieno cie\u0146pilnu, l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bgu un re\u0101listisku attieksmi ar fenomenolo\u0123isku nov\u0113ro\u0161anu, \u013caujot terapeitam izprast un efekt\u012bvi risin\u0101t klienta eksistences veidu pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n

T\u0101 viet\u0101, lai m\u0113\u0123in\u0101tu izvair\u012bties no gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m vai t\u0101s mazin\u0101tu, eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija aicina t\u0101s uztvert k\u0101 iesp\u0113ju g\u016bt jaunas atzi\u0146as. Cilv\u0113cisk\u0101s probl\u0113mas tiek skat\u012btas k\u0101 m\u012bklas, kas pal\u012bdz izprast pla\u0161\u0101ku dz\u012bves ainu. Piev\u0113r\u0161oties \u0161\u012bm probl\u0113m\u0101m ar zin\u0101tk\u0101ri un atv\u0113rt\u012bbu, iesp\u0113jams padzi\u013cin\u0101t izpratni par sevi un savu vietu pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101lie terapeiti izvair\u0101s no savu uzskatu un v\u0113rt\u012bbu uzspie\u0161anas klientiem. T\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146i var v\u0113rst uzman\u012bbu uz nekonsekvenc\u0113m, pretrun\u0101m vai paradoksiem klienta dom\u0101s un uzved\u012bb\u0101. Ja nepiecie\u0161ams, terapeits var konstrukt\u012bvi konfront\u0113t pa\u0161destrukt\u012bvu vai kait\u012bgu uzved\u012bbu, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu klientam to apzin\u0101ties un p\u0101rvar\u0113t.<\/p>\n

Da\u017ei terapeiti var izv\u0113l\u0113ties konfront\u0113t kait\u012bgu uzved\u012bbu, savuk\u0101rt citi var izvair\u012bties no pieredzes vai izpausmju kategoriz\u0113\u0161anas k\u0101 pozit\u012bvas vai negat\u012bvas. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas galvenais m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientiem izprast savas probl\u0113mas pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 kontekst\u0101 un sniegt vi\u0146iem iesp\u0113ju apzin\u0101ties, pie\u0146emt un izmantot savu br\u012bv\u012bbu un atbild\u012bbu vai nu main\u012bt, vai pie\u0146emt savus pa\u0161reiz\u0113jos apst\u0101k\u013cus. Tas var ietvert sp\u0113ju ieciet\u012bgi iztur\u0113ties pret savu realit\u0101ti, apstiprin\u0101t savu izv\u0113li un pie\u0146emt savu eksistences veidu pasaul\u0113.<\/p>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas m\u0113r\u0137is ir dot klientam iesp\u0113ju piln\u012bg\u0101k izprast savu iek\u0161\u0113jo pieredzi, subjektivit\u0101ti un b\u016bt kl\u0101teso\u0161am tagadnes br\u012bd\u012b. Tas ietver past\u0101v\u012bgi main\u012bgu domu, saj\u016btu un emociju pl\u016bsmu, k\u0101 ar\u012b pag\u0101tnes un n\u0101kotnes ietekmes izp\u0113ti uz tagadni. Terapija mudina klientus apzin\u0101ti p\u0113t\u012bt un risin\u0101t \u0161\u012bs saiknes, veicinot dzi\u013c\u0101ku pa\u0161izpratni un dz\u012bves j\u0113gas izpratni.<\/p>\n

Lai atvieglotu terapeitisko procesu, eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija koncentr\u0113jas uz klienta iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s pieredzes izpratnes veicin\u0101\u0161anu un t\u0101s saikni ar pag\u0101tni, tagadni un n\u0101kotni, pal\u012bdzot klientam atrast skaidr\u012bbu, l\u012bdzsvaru un autentisku dz\u012bves virz\u012bbu.<\/p>\n

Ar ko eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija at\u0161\u0137iras no citiem psihoterapijas veidiem?<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija ir unik\u0101la pieeja psihoterapijai, kas koncentr\u0113jas uz terapeitiskaj\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m, tie\u0161o pieredzi un cilv\u0113ka eksistences filozofiskajiem un fenomenolo\u0123iskajiem aspektiem. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no cit\u0101m psihoterapijas metod\u0113m, t\u0101 maz\u0101k koncentr\u0113jas uz diagnostic\u0113\u0161anu vai \u0101tru simptomu atvieglo\u0161anu. T\u0101 viet\u0101 t\u0101 uztver t\u0101dus simptomus k\u0101 trauksme, depresija vai dusmas k\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bgas reakcijas uz indiv\u012bda pa\u0161reiz\u0113jiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem un person\u012bgo v\u0113sturi. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas m\u0113r\u0137is nav nom\u0101kt vai nov\u0113rst \u0161os simptomus, bet gan padzi\u013cin\u0101ti izp\u0113t\u012bt to noz\u012bmi.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012b pieeja ir vair\u0101k p\u0113tnieciska nek\u0101 uz konkr\u0113tu m\u0113r\u0137i orient\u0113ta, un t\u0101s uzdevums ir izprast un aprakst\u012bt cilv\u0113ka cie\u0161anas, nevis analiz\u0113t, izskaidrot, \u0101rst\u0113t vai dziedin\u0101t t\u0101s tradicion\u0101l\u0101 psihoterapijas izpratn\u0113.<\/p>\n

K\u0101das tehnikas un metodes izmanto eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapij\u0101?<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija neatbalsta striktu meto\u017eu kopumu, un da\u017ei terapeiti var no iepriek\u0161 izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m tehnik\u0101m piln\u012bb\u0101 izvair\u012bties, lai saglab\u0101tu terapeitisko attiec\u012bbu integrit\u0101ti un autentiskumu.<\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r viena no galvenaj\u0101m izmantotaj\u0101m metod\u0113m ir fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101 pieeja, kur\u0101 terapeits cen\u0161as b\u016bt piln\u012bb\u0101 kl\u0101teso\u0161s, sadarbojoties ar klientu bez aizspriedumiem un iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem pie\u0146\u0113mumiem.<\/p>\n

Papildus tam eksistenci\u0101lie terapeiti bie\u017ei izmanto \u0161\u0101das pamatprasmes:<\/p>\n

Emp\u0101tisk\u0101 refleksija \u2013 terapeits pal\u012bdz klientam lab\u0101k izprast un izteikt savas saj\u016btas un domas.
\nSokr\u0101tisk\u0101 iztauj\u0101\u0161ana \u2013 terapeits uzdod dzi\u013cus, atv\u0113rtus jaut\u0101jumus, lai rosin\u0101tu klienta pa\u0161refleksiju un dom\u0101\u0161anu.
\nAkt\u012bv\u0101 klaus\u012b\u0161an\u0101s \u2013 terapeits ne tikai uzklausa, bet ar\u012b veicina klienta pa\u0161izzi\u0146as procesu caur apzin\u0101tu kl\u0101tesam\u012bbu.
\nDa\u017ei eksistenci\u0101lie terapeiti integr\u0113 elementus no psihodinamisk\u0101s terapijas, kognit\u012bvi biheivior\u0101l\u0101s terapijas, uz personu v\u0113rst\u0101s terapijas, somatisk\u0101s pieejas un ge\u0161talta terapijas, piel\u0101gojot pieeju katra klienta individu\u0101laj\u0101m vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. Galvenais m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientam izprast un pie\u0146emt savu pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo pieredzi vi\u0146a dz\u012bves kontekst\u0101.<\/p>\n

K\u0101di ir eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas m\u0113r\u0137i?<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas galvenais m\u0113r\u0137is ir pal\u012bdz\u0113t klientiem god\u012bgi, atkl\u0101ti un vispus\u012bgi izp\u0113t\u012bt vi\u0146u dz\u012bves pieredzi. \u0160aj\u0101 kop\u012bgaj\u0101 izzi\u0146as proces\u0101 klienti var ieg\u016bt skaidr\u0101ku izpratni par savu pieredzi un taj\u0101 ietverto j\u0113gu.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u012b pa\u0161izp\u0113te \u013cauj cilv\u0113kiem saskarties ar dzi\u013ciem filozofiskiem, gar\u012bgiem un eksistenci\u0101liem jaut\u0101jumiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b atrast risin\u0101jumus praktiskiem ikdienas dz\u012bves izaicin\u0101jumiem.<\/p>\n

Pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgi piedaloties \u0161aj\u0101 atbalsto\u0161aj\u0101, izzino\u0161aj\u0101 un izaicino\u0161aj\u0101 proces\u0101, klienti var:<\/h4>\n

Izprast savu eksistenci un t\u0101s noz\u012bmi.
\nPie\u0146emt atbild\u012bbu par savu dz\u012bvi un izv\u0113l\u0113m.
\nAtt\u012bst\u012bt dzi\u013c\u0101ku autentiskumu un dz\u012bves piepild\u012bjumu.
\nGalu gal\u0101 eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija pal\u012bdz indiv\u012bdam atrast j\u0113gu, patiesumu un iek\u0161\u0113ju l\u012bdzsvaru, kas \u013cauj vi\u0146am dz\u012bvot pilnv\u0113rt\u012bg\u0101k un apzin\u0101t\u0101k.<\/p>\n

\"Guernica\"
Neizdz\u0113\u0161amu iespaidu uz mani atst\u0101ja Reina Sofijas muzeja apmekl\u0113jums Madrid\u0113 un Pikaso dzi\u013co darbu apskate. Vi\u0146a satrauco\u0161ais kara un cilv\u0113ku cie\u0161anu att\u0113lojums atspogu\u013co eksistences trauslumu un m\u016bsdienu dz\u012bves nep\u0101rvaramo haosu. \u0160aj\u0101 fotogr\u0101fij\u0101: B\u0113rns apbr\u012bno Pablo Pikaso darbu \u201cGernika\u201d Reina Sofijas muzej\u0101.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kas var g\u016bt labumu no eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s pieejas terapij\u0101?<\/h2>\n

Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija var b\u016bt noder\u012bga da\u017e\u0101diem cilv\u0113kiem un izmantota pla\u0161\u0101 probl\u0113mu un izaicin\u0101jumu diapazon\u0101. T\u0101 var b\u016bt efekt\u012bva darb\u0101 ar:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Indiv\u012bdiem (b\u0113rniem, pieaugu\u0161ajiem, vec\u0101ka gadag\u0101juma cilv\u0113kiem)<\/li>\n
  • P\u0101riem un \u0123imen\u0113m<\/li>\n
  • Grup\u0101m un organiz\u0101cij\u0101m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0160\u012b pieeja tiek praktiz\u0113ta da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s vid\u0113s, tostarp kl\u012bnik\u0101s, slimn\u012bc\u0101s, priv\u0101tpraks\u0113s, darba viet\u0101s, organiz\u0101cij\u0101s un sabiedr\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n

    Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija atz\u012bst indiv\u012bda eksistenci savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bt\u0101 kontekst\u0101 ar pasauli, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 var b\u016bt \u012bpa\u0161i noder\u012bga cilv\u0113kiem no da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m vid\u0113m un kult\u016br\u0101m.<\/p>\n

    Lai gan \u0161\u012b terapija ir \u012bpa\u0161i piem\u0113rota tiem, kas v\u0113las izp\u0113t\u012bt savu filozofisko nost\u0101ju attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz dz\u012bvi, t\u0101 var neb\u016bt lab\u0101k\u0101 izv\u0113le pacientiem, kuriem nepiecie\u0161ams \u0101trs atvieglojums no smagiem psihiskiem simptomiem. Tom\u0113r eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija joproj\u0101m var b\u016bt noder\u012bga:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Cilv\u0113kiem, kuri piedz\u012bvo smagas psiholo\u0123iskas, gar\u012bgas vai eksistenci\u0101las kr\u012bzes<\/li>\n
    • K\u0101 papildin\u0101jums psihiatriskajiem medikamentiem<\/li>\n
    • K\u0101 patst\u0101v\u012bga terapijas pieeja pa\u0161izzi\u0146ai un emocion\u0101lajai izaugsmei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      K\u0101di ir zin\u0101tniskie pier\u0101d\u012bjumi par eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas efektivit\u0101ti?<\/h2>\n

      P\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka noteiktas eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas formas uzlabo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu un j\u0113gas izj\u016btu konkr\u0113t\u0101m klientu grup\u0101m (1). Turkl\u0101t arvien pieaug pier\u0101d\u012bjumu b\u0101ze, kas r\u0101da, ka eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija var sniegt l\u012bdz\u012bgus rezult\u0101tus k\u0101 citas psihoterapijas metodes (2).<\/p>\n

      \u0160ie atkl\u0101jumi ir saskan\u012bgi ar gadu desmitiem veiktajiem psihoterapijas p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, kas liecina, ka liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca terapiju ir l\u012bdz\u012bgi efekt\u012bvas un ka individu\u0101las klienta \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un v\u0113lmes ir b\u016btiskas, izv\u0113loties piem\u0113rot\u0101ko pieeju (3).<\/p>\n

      Turkl\u0101t p\u0113t\u012bjumi nor\u0101da, ka:<\/h4>\n

      Siltas, emp\u0101tiskas un atbalsto\u0161as attiec\u012bbas starp terapeitu un klientu ir iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161s faktors pozit\u012bviem terapeitiskiem rezult\u0101tiem (5).
      \nEksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas uzsvars uz j\u0113gas atra\u0161anu un veido\u0161anu ir noz\u012bm\u012bgs efekt\u012bvas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas faktors (4).
      \n\u0160ie atkl\u0101jumi atbalsta eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas v\u0113rt\u012bbu un efektivit\u0101ti, padarot to par sp\u0113c\u012bgu instrumentu pa\u0161izp\u0113tei, emocion\u0101lajai izaugsmei un dz\u012bves j\u0113gas mekl\u0113jumiem.<\/p>\n

      Atsauces:<\/h2>\n

      Vos, J., Craig, M., & Cooper, M. (2014). Existential therapies: A meta-analysis of their effects on psychological outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83(1), 115-128. doi: 10.1037\/a0037167
      \nRayner, M., & Vitali, D. (in press). Short-term existential psychotherapy in primary care: A quantitative report. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. [Spanish translation published as Rayner, M. y Vitali, D. (2015). Psicoterapia existencial de corto plazo en atenci\u00f3n primaria: Un reporte cuantitativo. Revista electr\u00f3nica Latinoamericana de Psicologia Existencial \u201cUn enfoque comprensivo del ser\u201d. N\u00b0 11. Octubre.]
      \nSeligman, M. E. P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50(12), 965\u2013974.
      \nWampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2015). The Great Psychotherapy Debate: The Evidence for What Makes Psychotherapy Work (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
      \nNorcross, J. C., & Lambert, M. J. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness (2nd ed., pp. 3-21). New York: Oxford University.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija ir filozofiska pieeja konsult\u0113\u0161anai un psihoterapijai, kas fokus\u0113jas uz cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bves pieredzi, ar to saist\u012btajiem izaicin\u0101jumiem un iek\u0161\u0113j\u0101m c\u012b\u0146\u0101m. T\u0101s pamat\u0101 ir ideja, ka katrs indiv\u012bds ir atbild\u012bgs par savas dz\u012bves j\u0113gas un m\u0113r\u0137a veido\u0161anu. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 psihoterapija ir daudzveid\u012bga un dinamiska metode \u2013 da\u017ei speci\u0101listi to uztver k\u0101 attieksmi vai visp\u0101r\u0113ju terapeitisku orient\u0101ciju,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[366],"tags":[391,642,688,386,658,661,498,623,368,671,668,389,664,669,666,686,367,662,628,667,665,663,371,670,643,672,629,674,384,373,653,673],"class_list":["post-6729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-raksti","tag-atkaribu-psihologs","tag-attiecibu-krizes-risinajumi-ar-psihologu","tag-cik-maksa-psihoterapija","tag-darbs-ar-pari","tag-eksistenciala-fenomenologiska-pieeja-psihoterapijai","tag-eksistenciala-psihologija","tag-eksistenciala-psihoterapija","tag-eksistenciala-psihoterapija-riga","tag-eksistenciala-terapija-latvija","tag-eksistenciala-terapija-riga-individualas-konsultacijas","tag-eksistenciala-terapija-un-psihodinamiska-pieeja","tag-eksistencialas-pieredzes-grupa","tag-eksistencialas-psihoterapijas-principi-un-metodes","tag-eksistencialas-terapijas-efektivitate-depresijas-arstesana","tag-eksistencialas-terapijas-metodes-un-pieejas","tag-individuala-psihoterapija-50-min-klatiene-tiessaiste-e-40","tag-individuala-psihoterapija-riga","tag-irvins-jaloms","tag-ka-atrast-labu-psihoterapeitu-riga","tag-ka-eksistenciala-terapija-palidz-pienemt-sarezgitus-lemumus","tag-ka-norit-eksistenciala-terapijas-sesija","tag-kas-ir-eksistenciala-terapija-un-ka-ta-darbojas","tag-konsultacijas-pie-psihologa-riga","tag-kur-atrast-eksistencialo-terapeitu-latvija","tag-kvalificets-psihoterapeits-riga","tag-labakais-psihologs-eksistencialaja-terapija-riga","tag-labakais-psihologs-riga","tag-martins-heidegers","tag-paru-terapija-riga","tag-psihologa-pakalpojumi-latviesu-valoda","tag-psihologiska-palidziba-gimenem","tag-zans-pols-sartrs"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6729"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6747,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6729\/revisions\/6747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}