eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapeitiskaj\u0101 praks\u0113<\/a>.<\/p>\nUz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu v\u0113rsta terapija un alkohola atkar\u012bba<\/h2>\n
Uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu v\u0113rsta terapija (CFT \u2013 Compassion-Focused Therapy), kas ir Pola Gilberta (Paul Gilbert) izstr\u0101d\u0101ta metode, rad\u0101s pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta 80. gados k\u0101 daudzpus\u012bga pieeja kognit\u012bvi behavior\u0101lajai terapijai (KBT). CFT uzman\u012bbas centr\u0101 ir emocion\u0101l\u0101 rezonanse, ko cilv\u0113ki rada, cen\u0161oties sevi atbalst\u012bt. \u0160\u012b terapija apvieno kognit\u012bvi uzved\u012bbas strat\u0113\u0123ijas, evolucion\u0101ro psiholo\u0123iju, neirozin\u0101tni un apzin\u0101t\u012bbas praksi ar senaj\u0101m l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas metod\u0113m (Gilbert, 2009a).<\/p>\n
At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no tradicion\u0101l\u0101s CFT, kur\u0101 bie\u017ei tiek uzsv\u0113rti kognit\u012bvie un uzved\u012bbas aspekti, da\u017ek\u0101rt uz emocion\u0101lo vai \u0137ermenisko p\u0101rdz\u012bvojumu r\u0113\u0137ina (Beck et al., 1979), CFT pied\u0101v\u0101 pla\u0161\u0101ku terapeitisko modeli. Tas apvieno kognit\u012bvi uzved\u012bbas metodes ar apzin\u0101t\u012bbas un l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas praks\u0113m, integr\u0113jot domas, emocijas, uzved\u012bbu un fizisk\u0101s saj\u016btas. CFT unik\u0101lais uzsvars uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu pret sevi, emocion\u0101lo notur\u012bbu un l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu k\u0101 t\u0101du veicina neizvair\u012b\u0161anos no s\u0101p\u012bgas pieredzes konfront\u0101cijas. \u0160\u012b pieeja nodro\u0161ina inovat\u012bvu veidu, k\u0101 \u0101rst\u0113t atkar\u012bbu, pretstat\u0101 CFT tendencei net\u012b\u0161i veicin\u0101t izvair\u012bgu iztur\u0113\u0161an\u0101s uzved\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, prokrastin\u0101ciju un uztraukuma mekl\u0113\u0161anu (Burns et al., 2001).<\/p>\n
Ir redzams, ka no alkohola atkar\u012bg\u0101s personas bie\u017ei izmanto uzved\u012bbas strat\u0113\u0123ijas, lai izvair\u012btos no negat\u012bviem afekt\u012bviem st\u0101vok\u013ciem. CFT, kur\u0101 uzsvars tiek likts uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu, sniedz iesp\u0113ju iesaist\u012bties \u0161ajos nom\u0101co\u0161ajos p\u0101rdz\u012bvojumos t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101, kas nav izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s. T\u0101 uztver nepareizu piel\u0101go\u0161anos k\u0101 nepl\u0101notas kompens\u0113jo\u0161as un aizsarg\u0101jo\u0161as uzved\u012bbas sekas, kas nav rakstur\u012bgas tikai n\u0101vei, bet ar\u012b ar nenoteikt\u012bbu, soci\u0101lo atstumt\u012bbu vai nekontrol\u0113jam\u012bbu saist\u012btu domu rezult\u0101ts (Sullivan et al., 2012). Tas ietver laipn\u012bbu un sapratni pret sevi, atz\u012b\u0161anu, ka s\u0101pes un neveiksmes ir kop\u012bga cilv\u0113ciska pieredze, un l\u012bdzsvarotas emociju apzi\u0146as saglab\u0101\u0161anu (Neff et al., 2007).<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t Gilberts (Gilbert, 2010) uzskata, ka l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bga attieksme pret sevi kalpo k\u0101 vairogs pret emocion\u0101lo stresu, veicinot visp\u0101r\u0113jo labkl\u0101j\u012bbu un vesel\u012bbu. \u0160o perspekt\u012bvu apstiprina ar\u012b korel\u0101cija starp liel\u0101ku l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu pret sevi un stresa, trauksmes, depresijas un alkohola pat\u0113ri\u0146a samazin\u0101\u0161anos (Rendon, 2007).<\/p>\n
Ir ac\u012bmredzams, ka CFT, kuras saknes mekl\u0113jamas evol\u016bcijas teorij\u0101, afekta regul\u0101cijas neirolo\u0123ij\u0101 un soci\u0101lo attiec\u012bbu kvalit\u0101t\u0113s, pied\u0101v\u0101 visaptvero\u0161u pieeju alkohola atkar\u012bbas k\u0101 izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s uzved\u012bbas veida risin\u0101\u0161anai, uzsverot l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas pret sevi izkop\u0161anas noz\u012bmi. \u0160\u012b pieeja p\u0101rsniedz tradicion\u0101l\u0101s kognit\u012bvo un uzved\u012bbas aspektu robe\u017eas, un taj\u0101 tiek likts b\u016btisks uzsvars uz emocion\u0101lajiem un somatiskajiem p\u0101rdz\u012bvojumiem. \u0160\u012b integr\u0113t\u0101 metodolo\u0123ija pied\u0101v\u0101 holistisku skat\u012bjumu uz atkar\u012bbas \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161inot visaptvero\u0161u terapeitisko modeli, kas ietver atkar\u012bbas daudz\u0161\u0137aut\u0146aino dabu.<\/p>\n
P\u0113c tam, kad ir noteikta KBT loma alkohola atkar\u012bbas risin\u0101\u0161an\u0101, ir lietder\u012bgi to sal\u012bdzin\u0101t ar eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123isko pieeju, kas sniedz savu unik\u0101lu ieguld\u012bjumu un \u013cauj mums g\u016bt vispus\u012bg\u0101ku izpratni par \u0161o t\u0113mu.<\/p>\n
Eksistenci\u0101lais-fenomenolo\u0123iskais skats uz atkar\u012bbu<\/h2>\n
Eksistenci\u0101la fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101 pieeja psihoterapijai, kas sak\u0146ojas dzi\u013c\u0101 eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s filozofijas trad\u012bcij\u0101, ir izgl\u012btojo\u0161s kompass, lai orient\u0113tos sare\u017e\u0123\u012btaj\u0101 dz\u012bves labirint\u0101, sniedzot daudz vair\u0101k nek\u0101 tikai virspus\u0113ja person\u012bbas anal\u012bze. T\u0101 aicina indiv\u012bdus iegremd\u0113ties eksistences dzi\u013cumos, atkl\u0101jot sevis un eksistences daudz\u0161\u0137aut\u0146ainos sl\u0101\u0146us. Pie\u0146emot dabaszin\u0101t\u0146u devumu, bet p\u0101rsniedzot to robe\u017eas, eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 pieeja sniedz visaptvero\u0161u p\u0101rskatu par cilv\u0113ka st\u0101vokli, saskaroties ar t\u0101d\u0101m fundament\u0101l\u0101m probl\u0113m\u0101m k\u0101 br\u012bv\u012bba, atbild\u012bba, izol\u0101cija, n\u0101ve un j\u0113ga (Yalom, 1980).<\/p>\n
Eksistenci\u0101li-fenomenolo\u0123iskais skat\u012bjums uz alkohola atkar\u012bbu noraida stingrus apz\u012bm\u0113jumus un defin\u012bcijas, atbalstot nians\u0113tu cilv\u0113ka pieredzes interpret\u0101ciju. Atkar\u012bba tiek uzskat\u012bta nevis par neelast\u012bgu vien\u012bbu, kas ir iesl\u0113gta indiv\u012bd\u0101, bet gan par daudz\u0161\u0137aut\u0146ainu eksistenci\u0101lu projektu, ko veido fiziskas, soci\u0101las, psiholo\u0123iskas un gar\u012bgas dimensijas (Adams, 2013). Atkar\u012bba par\u0101d\u0101s k\u0101 k\u013c\u016bdains p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nisms, iluzors patv\u0113rums no pasaules, kas tiek uztverta k\u0101 skarba un bezj\u0113dz\u012bga.<\/p>\n
\u0160aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101 eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija darbojas k\u0101 atstarojo\u0161s spogulis tiem, kas c\u012bn\u0101s ar atkar\u012bbu, pal\u012bdzot vi\u0146iem atkl\u0101t j\u0113gu un m\u0113r\u0137i, kas sl\u0113pjas aiz atkar\u012bbu izraiso\u0161as uzved\u012bbas, kura bie\u017ei tiek pied\u0113v\u0113ta slim\u012bbai vai piespie\u0161anai (Wurm, 2003). \u0160is process \u013cauj indiv\u012bdiem izprast savu autonomiju un izp\u0113t\u012bt alternat\u012bvas izv\u0113les sav\u0101 ce\u013cojum\u0101 cauri atkar\u012bbas v\u0113trainaj\u0101m j\u016br\u0101m (Du Plock, Fisher, J. (2005)).<\/p>\n
Tikpat svar\u012bgi ir tas, ka eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija izmanto fenomenolo\u0123iju \u2013 filozofisko metodi, lai p\u0113t\u012btu cilv\u0113ka pieredzi, apstr\u012bdot stingros pa\u0161konceptus (Heidegger, 1927\/1962; Merleau-Ponty, 1962). Tas ir veids, k\u0101 iesaist\u012bties par\u0101d\u012bb\u0101s, atliekot spriedumus un p\u0101rbaudot nov\u0113rojumus, koncentr\u0113joties uz to, k\u0101 lietas \u0161\u0137iet, nevis k\u0101das t\u0101s var\u0113tu b\u016bt paties\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\n
Eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123iskie terapeiti sadarbojas ar klientiem, lai izp\u0113t\u012btu vi\u0146u eksistenci, bez piespie\u0161anas vai atl\u012bdz\u012bbas. Aicinot klientu atkl\u0101t savas atkar\u012bbu izraiso\u0161\u0101s uzved\u012bbas j\u0113gu un m\u0113r\u0137us, eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 terapija veicina individu\u0101l\u0101s br\u012bv\u012bbas apzin\u0101\u0161anos un sp\u0113ju atkl\u0101t alternat\u012bvas dz\u012bves j\u0113gas. \u0160\u012b pieeja veicina zin\u0101tk\u0101ri un r\u016bpes, \u013caujot p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u0113t savas attiec\u012bbas ar atkar\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
Veidojot terapijas vidi, kur\u0101 valda savstarp\u0113ja uztic\u0113\u0161an\u0101s un cie\u0146a, \u0161\u012b pieeja veicina atkl\u0101tu personisko v\u0113rt\u012bbu un perspekt\u012bvu izp\u0113ti un formul\u0113\u0161anu (Van Deurzen, & Arnold-Baker, 2018). T\u0101 pal\u012bdz klientiem apzin\u0101ties savas sp\u0113jas veidot savas v\u0113rt\u012bbas un pasaules uzskatu, \u013caujot vi\u0146iem to saska\u0146ot ar savu unik\u0101lo pieredzi.<\/p>\n
Turkl\u0101t eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 pieeja p\u0113ta cilv\u0113ka spriedzes, v\u0113lmju un bai\u013cu dzi\u013cumus un to sare\u017e\u0123\u012bto ietekmi uz dz\u012bvi. T\u0101 atz\u012bst eksistenci\u0101lo tuk\u0161umu, j\u0113gas tr\u016bkumu, kas var izrais\u012bt vil\u0161anos vai izmisumu (Yalom, 1980). Atkar\u012bbu izraiso\u0161a uzved\u012bba, piem\u0113ram, p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bga alkohola lieto\u0161ana, tiek uzskat\u012bta par m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu aizpild\u012bt \u0161o \u201ceksistenci\u0101lo vakuumu\u201d (Frankl, 1972), uzsverot to, cik svar\u012bgi ir atkl\u0101t c\u0113lo\u0146us un izcelt izv\u0113les sp\u0113ku.<\/p>\n
Rezum\u0113jot, eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101 pieeja alkohola atkar\u012bbai pied\u0101v\u0101 hum\u0101nistisku, dinamisku alternat\u012bvu standarta defin\u012bcij\u0101m. T\u0101 akcent\u0113 personisku, idiogr\u0101fisku skat\u012bjumu, izce\u013cot individu\u0101l\u0101s izv\u0113les un atbild\u012bbas lomu atkar\u012bbas apkaro\u0161an\u0101. No jauna defin\u0113jot atkar\u012bbu k\u0101 potenci\u0101lu izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s strat\u0113\u0123iju un izgaismojot eksistenci\u0101lo c\u012b\u0146u simbolisko atspogu\u013cojumu, \u0161\u012b perspekt\u012bva pied\u0101v\u0101 izsmalcin\u0101tu, nians\u0113tu atkar\u012bbas izpratni, kas rezon\u0113 ar cilv\u0113ka pieredzes b\u016bt\u012bbu.<\/p>\n
CFT un eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s pieejas savstarp\u0113j\u0101 iedarb\u012bba<\/h2>\n
Ir ac\u012bmredzams, ka gan uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu v\u0113rst\u0101s terapijas (CFT), gan eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101s pieejas saikni var skat\u012bt caur eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s trauksmes mazin\u0101\u0161anas prizmu person\u0101m, kas c\u012bn\u0101s ar alkohola atkar\u012bbu. Eksistenci\u0101lie terapeiti pieiet klientiem ar l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bgu pazem\u012bbu, kas dzimusi no kop\u012bgas cilv\u0113cisk\u0101s c\u012b\u0146as pieredzes (Iacovou & Weixel-Dixon, 2015). \u0160\u012b kop\u012bg\u0101 c\u012b\u0146a bie\u017ei izpau\u017eas k\u0101 eksistenci\u0101la trauksme, realit\u0101te, ko cilv\u0113ki da\u017ek\u0101rt apiet, lietojot alkoholu. Eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 pieeja ir maz\u0101k v\u0113rsta uz simptomu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu, bet vair\u0101k uz izpratni par klienta esam\u012bbu pasaul\u0113, kas ir terapeitisk\u0101 orient\u0101cija, kura atbalsojas CFT uzsvar\u0101 uz klienta kognit\u012bviemocion\u0101lo pieredzi. B\u016btiski, ka eksistenci\u0101lisms un CFT sakr\u012bt perspekt\u012bv\u0101 pie\u0146emt nemain\u012bgos dz\u012bves aspektus un piev\u0113rsties tiem cit\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 (Gilbert, 2010).<\/p>\n
Nesenie p\u0113t\u012bjumi liecina, ka emp\u012brisk\u0101 kl\u012bniskaj\u0101 psiholo\u0123ij\u0101 arvien liel\u0101ka uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta eksistenci\u0101liem jaut\u0101jumiem (Iverach et al., 2014). \u0160ie eksistenci\u0101lie jaut\u0101jumi ieau\u017eas ar\u012b kognit\u012bvi uzved\u012bbas terapijas (KBT) diskusij\u0101s. Alberta Ellisa (Albert Ellis) un \u0100rona T. Beka (Aaron T. Beck) darba mantojums liecina, ka kognit\u012bvi uzved\u012bbas pieej\u0101s ir elementi, kas sader\u012bgi ar eksistenci\u0101liem jaut\u0101jumiem. Moss (1992) \u012bpa\u0161i uzsv\u0113ra, ka Beks un citi kognit\u012bvie terapeiti ir efekt\u012bvi iek\u013c\u0101vu\u0161i eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s fenomenolo\u0123ijas galven\u0101s atzi\u0146as akad\u0113miskaj\u0101 diskurs\u0101.<\/p>\n
Eksistenci\u0101lajai fenomenolo\u0123ijai un CFT, neskatoties uz to, ka t\u0101s tiek uzskat\u012btas par pretstatiem (Ottens un Hanna, 1998), ir pamatprincipi, kas ir savstarp\u0113ji saist\u012bti un rezon\u0113 viens ar otru. Piem\u0113ram, abas pieejas ie\u0146em akt\u012bvu poz\u012bciju j\u0113gas konstru\u0113\u0161an\u0101, ir orient\u0113tas uz attiec\u012bbu kontekstu un nodarbojas ar potenci\u0101la un pieredzes komponentu aktualiz\u0101ciju (Fabry et al., 2007).<\/p>\n
Kritiski izv\u0113rt\u0113jot CFT, \u201ctre\u0161\u0101 vi\u013c\u0146a\u201d kognit\u012bvi biheivior\u0101lo pieeju, k\u013c\u016bst skaidrs, ka t\u0101s prakses, piem\u0113ram, apzin\u0101t\u012bba, var bag\u0101tin\u0101t eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123isko darbu. CFT uzsvars uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu, pie\u0146em\u0161anu un kl\u0101tb\u016btni \u201c\u0161eit un tagad\u201d atspogu\u013co eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s fenomenolo\u0123ijas uzsvaru uz tie\u0161u dz\u012bves pieredzi.<\/p>\n
Apzin\u0101t\u012bbas, kas ir CFT st\u016brakmens, pielietojumu var efekt\u012bvi izmantot eksistenci\u0101laj\u0101 terapeitiskaj\u0101 praks\u0113, lai klientus ievestu vi\u0146u dz\u012bves pieredzes tie\u0161um\u0101. \u0160\u012b tehnika var b\u016bt ar\u012b efekt\u012bvs l\u012bdzsvars izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s uzved\u012bbai, kas bie\u017ei saist\u012bta ar atkar\u012bbu, \u013caujot klientiem saskarties ar eksistenci\u0101lo realit\u0101ti, no kuras vi\u0146i ir izvair\u012bju\u0161ies.<\/p>\n
T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, lai gan CFT un eksistenci\u0101l\u0101 pieeja var \u0161\u0137ist pret\u0113ji psihoterapeitisk\u0101 spektra gali, apzin\u0101t\u012bbas iek\u013cau\u0161ana un to pamatv\u0113rt\u012bbu saska\u0146o\u0161ana par\u0101da, k\u0101 t\u0101s var viena otru inform\u0113t un bag\u0101tin\u0101t, \u012bpa\u0161i str\u0101d\u0101jot ar klientiem, kuri c\u012bn\u0101s ar atkar\u012bbu. \u0160\u012b integr\u0101cija var\u0113tu iez\u012bm\u0113t jaunu terapijas ce\u013cu, kur\u0101 uzsv\u0113rti gan kognit\u012bvi uzved\u012bbas, gan eksistenci\u0101li fenomenolo\u0123iskie aspekti, lai risin\u0101tu sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101s atkar\u012bbas probl\u0113mas.<\/p>\n
Gad\u012bjuma izp\u0113te<\/h2>\n
Alekss, 40 gadus vecs bir\u017eas tirgot\u0101js un divu b\u0113rnu t\u0113vs, v\u0113rs\u0101s ar ba\u017e\u0101m par savu hronisko dzer\u0161anu br\u012bvdien\u0101s. Uz pap\u012bra Aleksa dz\u012bve \u0161\u0137ita apskau\u017eama \u2013 ienes\u012bga profesija un \u0123imene. Tom\u0113r zem \u0161\u012bs fas\u0101des vi\u0146\u0161 dz\u012bvoja izol\u0113t\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113, ko raksturoja nev\u0113l\u0113\u0161an\u0101s kontakt\u0113ties ar sabiedr\u012bbu. Vi\u0146a person\u012bg\u0101 v\u0113sture, ko iez\u012bm\u0113ja vec\u0101ku \u0161\u0137ir\u0161an\u0101s 16 gadu vecum\u0101 un no alkohola atkar\u012bg\u0101 m\u0101te, bija atst\u0101jusi dzi\u013cas p\u0113das vi\u0146a psih\u0113.<\/p>\n
Emocion\u0101li Alekss c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s ar visur valdo\u0161o ap\u0101tijas saj\u016btu, bie\u017ei vien bargi kritiz\u0113jot sevi. Vi\u0146\u0161 ar nepaciet\u012bbu gaid\u012bja piektdienas vakarus, kad iedzer alkoholu, izmis\u012bgi cen\u0161oties nom\u0101kt sp\u0113c\u012bgo trauksmi un graujo\u0161o tuk\u0161uma saj\u016btu. M\u016bsu terapeitiskaj\u0101s sesij\u0101s k\u0101 neat\u0146emams instruments par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbu v\u0113rsta terapija (CFT). Galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba netika piev\u0113rsta tam, lai sod\u012btu Aleksa atkar\u012bbu izraiso\u0161o uzved\u012bbu. T\u0101 viet\u0101 t\u0101 bija v\u0113rsta uz to, lai izprastu vi\u0146a j\u016btu ra\u0161anos un vi\u0146a r\u012bc\u012bbas iemeslus. Terapija uzsv\u0113ra ideju, ka vi\u0146a emocijas un reakcijas nav vi\u0146a vaina. Izmantojot CFT metodes, tika pieliktas m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgas p\u016bles, lai saska\u0146otu Aleksa kognit\u012bvo uztveri ar vi\u0146a patiesaj\u0101m emocij\u0101m, cen\u0161oties mazin\u0101t kauna nastu, ko vi\u0146\u0161 nesa.<\/p>\n
Siner\u0123ija starp CFT apzin\u0101t\u012bbas tehnik\u0101m un eksistenci\u0101li-fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101s izp\u0113tes dzi\u013cumu \u013c\u0101va mums nostiprin\u0101t Aleksu tagadn\u0113, \u013caujot vi\u0146am st\u0101ties pret\u012b savai realit\u0101tei, nemekl\u0113jot mierin\u0101jumu alkohol\u0101. \u0160\u012b pieeja iez\u012bm\u0113ja Aleksa sare\u017e\u0123\u012bto emocion\u0101lo reljefu, atkl\u0101jot vi\u0146a pag\u0101tnes sare\u017e\u0123\u012bto mijiedarb\u012bbu, probl\u0113mas, ar kur\u0101m vi\u0146\u0161 sask\u0101r\u0101s, un p\u0101rvar\u0113\u0161anas meh\u0101nismus, kas, lai ar\u012b net\u012b\u0161i, pastiprin\u0101ja vi\u0146a stresu. M\u016bsu m\u0113r\u0137is bija nevis vienk\u0101r\u0161i izvair\u012bties no izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s, bet gan veicin\u0101t patiesu sapratni, pa\u0161pie\u0146em\u0161anu un izmantot terapeitiskos instrumentus, lai identific\u0113tu un nov\u0113rstu galven\u0101s bailes. \u0160\u012b terapeitisko meto\u017eu kombin\u0101cija pied\u0101v\u0101ja ce\u013cojumu uz sevis izzin\u0101\u0161anu, risinot ne tikai Aleksa atkar\u012bbas virspus\u0113jos sl\u0101\u0146us, bet ar\u012b dzi\u013cas eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s dilemmas, kas to veicin\u0101ja.<\/p>\n
B\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 terapija att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s k\u0101 l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas, apzin\u0101t\u012bbas un eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s izp\u0113tes sapl\u016b\u0161ana. T\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101ja Aleksam alternat\u012bvus ce\u013cus, lai no jauna atkl\u0101tu j\u0113gu, veidotu saiknes un dz\u012bvotu autentisk\u0101ku dz\u012bvi. T\u0101 nebija tikai s\u0101pju avotu identific\u0113\u0161ana, bet gan virz\u012bba uz paties\u0101m p\u0101rmai\u0146\u0101m un sevis pie\u0146em\u0161anu.<\/p>\n
Secin\u0101jums<\/h2>\n
Nosl\u0113dzot diskusiju, j\u0101secina, ka, neraugoties uz l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas terapijas (CFT) un eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s fenomenolo\u0123isk\u0101s prakses ( EfP) at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgaj\u0101m teor\u0113tiskaj\u0101m sakn\u0113m, ab\u0101m terapij\u0101m ir iev\u0113rojams savstarp\u0113jas mijiedarb\u012bbas potenci\u0101ls. Tradicion\u0101li kognit\u012bvi behavior\u0101l\u0101s terapijas nav uzskat\u012btas par dabisku partneri klientu eksistenci\u0101lo probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anai. Tom\u0113r pak\u0101penisk\u0101 CFT att\u012bst\u012bba pied\u0101v\u0101 interesantu novirzi no normas, ietverot elementus, kas atspogu\u013co eksistenci\u0101l\u0101s terapijas filozofiskos pamatus. \u0160\u012b perspekt\u012bvu sapl\u016b\u0161ana pamato to, cik svar\u012bgi ir integr\u0113t CFT l\u012bdzj\u016bt\u012bbas un uz apzin\u0101t\u012bbu orient\u0113t\u0101s metodes ar bag\u0101t\u012bgo eksistenci\u0101lo izp\u0113ti, ko veicina EfP, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di bag\u0101tinot m\u016bsu terapeitisko pieeju psiholo\u0123isko gr\u016bt\u012bbu p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101. Lai patiesi nov\u0113rt\u0113tu \u0161\u012bs integr\u0113t\u0101s pieejas potenci\u0101lu, ir nepiecie\u0161ama turpm\u0101ka izp\u0113te un emp\u012briskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi, papla\u0161inot terapeitisk\u0101s intervences iesp\u0113ju apv\u0101r\u0161\u0146us.<\/p>\n
2023 \u00a9\ufe0fMax Karlin<\/p>\n
Tulkojums no ori\u0123in\u0101lraksta \u2013 M.Karlin
\nS\u0101kotn\u0113ji iesniegts NSPC \/ Middlesex University, London\u0101, 2023.gad\u0101
\nPirmo reizi public\u0113ts tie\u0161saist\u0113 \u201cIntegrat\u012bv\u0101s psihoterapijas un sist\u0113misk\u0101s anal\u012bzes \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101\u201d (Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy and Systemic Analysis).<\/p>\n
References<\/h2>\n
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Yalom, I. (1980) Existential Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books<\/p>\n
Ilustracija:<\/p>\n
Viktor Oliva, The Absinthe Drinker, 1901<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s psiholo\u0123ij\u0101 parasti tiek raksturota k\u0101 indiv\u012bda apzin\u0101ta izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s no noteikt\u0101m situ\u0101cij\u0101m, vides vai saskarsmes, lai izvair\u012btos no gaid\u0101miem negat\u012bviem rezult\u0101tiem vai ar tiem saist\u012bt\u0101m nepat\u012bkam\u0101m saj\u016bt\u0101m. Lai gan izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s da\u017ek\u0101rt var sniegt indiv\u012bdiem kontroles saj\u016btu p\u0101r savu vidi vai iek\u0161\u0113jo emocion\u0101lo st\u0101vokli (Hofmann, S. G., & Hay, A. C., 2018), ja t\u0101 transform\u0113jas par…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[366],"tags":[614,512,391,642,845,659,658,498,623,657,382,631,686,367,643,629,655,619,656,654],"class_list":["post-6721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-raksti","tag-angliski-runajoss-psihoterapeits-latvija","tag-arstu-izpratne-par-psihologiju","tag-atkaribu-psihologs","tag-attiecibu-krizes-risinajumi-ar-psihologu","tag-attistibas-psihologija-un-pusmuza-krize","tag-compassion-focused-therapy","tag-eksistenciala-fenomenologiska-pieeja-psihoterapijai","tag-eksistenciala-psihoterapija","tag-eksistenciala-psihoterapija-riga","tag-eksistencialais-fenomenologiskais-skats","tag-gimenes-un-paru-psihoterapija","tag-individuala-psihologiska-konsultacija-latvija","tag-individuala-psihoterapija-50-min-klatiene-tiessaiste-e-40","tag-individuala-psihoterapija-riga","tag-kvalificets-psihoterapeits-riga","tag-labakais-psihologs-riga","tag-merleau-ponty","tag-pasvertejuma-uzlabosana-ar-psihoterapiju","tag-uz-lidzjutibu-verstas-terapija-cft","tag-van-dorcena"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6721"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7061,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6721\/revisions\/7061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maxkarlin.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}